Which concept encompasses the programmatic management of files, including opening, reading, writing, and closing?

Which concept encompasses the programmatic management of files, including opening, reading, writing, and closing?

• A. Networking
• B. File handling
• C. Databases
• D. Data structures

Answer: (B)

File handling is the programmatic management of files, including opening, reading, writing, and closing. When a program works with data stored on disk, it first opens the file to gain access, then reads existing data or writes new data, and finally closes the file to release resources and ensure changes are saved. This sequence—the lifecycle of interacting with a file—is what file handling covers. Networking deals with communication between systems, databases focus on structured data storage and queries, and data structures organize data in memory. Since the described operations are the core activities of working with files on disk, the concept is file handling.

File handling is the programmatic management of files, including opening, reading, writing, and closing. When a program works with data stored on disk, it first opens the file to gain access, then reads existing data or writes new data, and finally closes the file to release resources and ensure changes are saved. This sequence—the lifecycle of interacting with a file—is what file handling covers. Networking deals with communication between systems, databases focus on structured data storage and queries, and data structures organize data in memory. Since the described operations are the core activities of working with files on disk, the concept is file handling.